There are few things more cringeworthy than watching 20 British schoolgirls trying to build a well under the scalding Nepalese heat. This is what I imagine a group of local men were thinking as they politely stood back while we puzzled our way through this contraption. The orphans peered through the windows, somewhat accustomed to this strange set-up. An unnecessary number of hours later, a ceremony took place thanking us for our hard work. We had singlehandedly brought clean water to this poor, desperate orphanage. We could fly home better people.

This scathing comment is from an editorial called DUCK expeditions are a load of quack published in the Palatinate, the official student newspaper of Durham University in the UK. The blog is an honest account of unethical voluntourism by someone who, as a young teen, went abroad, thinking she her good heart but complete lack of expertise was what a poor community abroad needed and wanted. I applaud her for coming forward when she realized what her voluntourism experience had really been, in terms of helping and impact abroad.

In addition, via link on Reddit, I found a blog from 2015, by a young woman in Germany whose hope for a voluntourism experience to help turtles actually became torture for them:

“The ‘turtle conservation program’ was shut down after the police came (there is a law in Fiji to protect turtles as they are threatened by extinction). A girl made a… ehh… Let’s say critical Facebook post. I think ‘inhuman’ and ‘animal torture’ were some of the words she used… I’m just glad that I got my money back without any problem because I know about 7 people who had to go to court to get some of their money back because the agencies made a lot of great promises without keeping them. What they offer is not really volunteer work, here they call it voluntourism. A lot of money which doesn’t actually help anybody but just finances the international agencies. I got quite disillusioned about volunteering here. I left the volunteer house as soon as possible and went to a resort. The turtles were set free, but they are probably dead because they have been in the tank for too long and weren’t able to survive anymore. I’m so sorry for them.”

I did reach out to the author and, indeed, she exists and this was her experience. In an email to me last month, she noted:

I must say that I really regret not following through on that whole thing after I got the full amount back. I should have addressed that magazine to publish the whole story or the topic, or at least have given public critics, but I was 18, alone in Fiji and everything was very exciting… I was just too distracted with all that comes with starting university. So I am happy to hear that somebody actually does address that topic…

I appreciate these young people speaking out – it’s NOT easy. These are people who really did want to do the right thing, and while their attempt at voluntourism ended up being wasteful or even destructive, their voice now IS doing the right thing, and I applaud them.

But it’s not just people who paid to volunteer in unethical programs (in contrast to ethical ones) who are speaking out – it’s also people who were exploited in unethical programs:

The support of orphanages has created a thriving industry in which children are separated from their families and subjected to terrible abuse and neglect, as I was — being used as a commodity to generate funding… Having these adults coming in and out of our lives felt like we were continuously being abandoned.

This statement is from Sinet Chan, who grew up in a Cambodian orphanage and has pleaded with Australians not to donate to or volunteer at orphanages. Her quote is from this article about the push in Australia to make ‘orphanage tourism’ illegal.

I’m not letting up on this issue of calling out unethical voluntourism programs (in contrast to ethical ones).  

There are ethical voluntourism programs. They are few and far between, but they do exist. An ethical voluntourism program:

• Is led by local people.
• Is transparent about how the funds paid by volunteers are used.
• Does not take away local jobs (in fact, very often, it creates them, or funds local workers).
• Does not bring volunteers into contact with wildlife or supposed “orphans”, or unsupervised contact with children.
• Is focused on a project that has a measurable outcome valued by the local community, one that might not happen, or not happen as quickly, without the volunteers’ participation.
• Has safety and safeguarding policies and requires volunteers to be trained regarding such.
• Has a process to vet volunteers, to assure they are appropriate to be involved in the program.
• Educates volunteers about the region or country where volunteers will work, the issues and challenges that have led to the need for your program, etc.
• Does not reinforce colonialist ideas or White Supremacy.

If you want to help abroad and not pay for the experience, then get involved locally and get the expertise that’s needed by volunteer sending agencies that don’t charge (but expect you to stay for a lot longer than a couple of weeks!). You shouldn’t feel that you should get to do something abroad that requires expertise – work with at-risk youth, help animals, help refugees, etc. – unless you have experience doing it locally, in your own country, preferably in your own community.

There is such a thing as effective short-term international volunteering. And it is NOT impossible to break into humanitarian work. And caring about people and animals abroad is a great quality to have. But taking action abroad needs to come from a place from respect and knowledge.

July 8, 2018 update: My consulting colleague and all-around amazing human Dr. Erin Barnhardt wrote about her own experience as a pay-to-volunteer-abroad experience in her 2012 PhD thesis, Engaging Global Service: Organizational Motivations for and Perceived Benefits of Hosting International Volunteers. She notes in the introduction to her research:

While my experience in Jordan was on the whole overwhelmingly positive, I was surprised and somewhat disappointed to discover that I was in fact a largely ineffective volunteer. I knew that staying for only two weeks meant that my contributions would be severely limited and that my lack of Arabic language skills would further hamper my impact, but I’d assumed that coming in with a professional expertise meant that I could make some kind of lasting contribution during my very short tenure. What I discovered though was, despite having gone through a reputable volunteer-sending organization to an organization that regularly hosted international volunteers, the infrastructure to put me to work was minimal and somewhat ad hoc. I came to the Jordanian NGO with a genuine interest in helping out, only to discover that there was in fact little for me to do.

I so appreciate Erin’s honesty – and the honesty of all people who have paid-to-volunteer abroad and are now speaking out about it.

July 16, 2018 update: When volun-tourism isn’t all it’s cracked up to be’ – ‘It was pretty much a zoo’: The conditions came to light by Amanda Rowland, 21, an upset and unhappy volunteer who had paid over $3000 to visit the centre in in Malaysia for a month in January. Amanda had been sold the trip as a chance to work at a temporary holding facility for orangutans rescued from illegal possession.

May 31, 2019: Chase and JP Morgan has a commercial to encourage financial planning that promotes volunteerism with wildlife: a happy couple gushes about their volunteer trip abroad scrubbing elephants’ feet and further gush how they would like to make that trip every year from now on, and their financial advisor is happy to oblige. So disappointing to see these two companies promote such a highly unethical and harmful practice!

June 2025: I went on a voluntourism project. Yes, really. And it was awesome. It met all of my criteria of ethical voluntourism. 

My other blogs on this subject:

• 13 Reasons Not to Volunteer Abroad 
• J.K. Rowling speaks out against orphan tourism
• Medical Voluntourism Can Cause Serious Harm (updated April 11, 2018)
• The harm of orphanage voluntourism (& wildlife voluntourism as well)
• Promises & Pitfalls of Global Health Volunteering
• Isn’t my good heart & desire enough to help abroad?
• What effective short-term international volunteering looks like
• Want to work internationally? Get involved locally
• Voluntourism is fighting back
• voluntourism: use with caution
• In defense of skills over passion
• Vanity Volunteering: all about the volunteer
• humanitarian stories & photos – use with caution
• Vetting Organizations in Other Countries
• Safety in International Volunteering Programs
• Hosting International Volunteers
• Realistic tips for volunteering abroad
• Problems in countries far from home can seem easy to solve