(Gehen Sie für diese Abhandlung auf Deutsch hinab)
Germany is getting rid of its compulsory military and community service for young men, and German hospitals, retirement homes, hostels, Red Cross chapters, agencies serving people with disabilities, and other social service and community agencies across the country are deeply worried about how they will now staff their organizations.
For more than 40 years, young German men, age 18 to 20, were drafted into military service — it was originally a two year commitment, but over the years, it was reduced to 15 months, then reduced to 12 months, and most recently, reduced to six. The reductions have been a result of cost-cutting. Men could substitute community service at German social service agencies for military service; the community service commitment was usually a bit longer, by a few months, than the military service. Men who opted for community service instead of military service are known in Germany colloquially as “Zivis.”
But the days of compulsory service — and the Zivis — are over as of 2011. Hundreds of charities across Germany that have relied on almost 100,000 conscripts to run their organizations are bracing for a severe labor shortage. Many charities don’t believe they will be able to find enough volunteers willing to do the grunt work that Zivis have done – washing dishes, cleaning rooms, preparing meals, etc.
Can Germany recruit 90,000 volunteers to replace Zivis? Yes – but it will take a sweeping, fundamental rethinking of how Germany charities perceive the role of volunteers, and a LOT of training and support to implement this new thinking.
Germany already understands the value of volunteers in fire fighting. Germany has the most volunteer fire fighters, per capita, of any country in the world. In Germany, for a community served by volunteer firefighters, the first truck must arrive within eight minutes. Volunteer firefighters train alongside professional firefighters — there is no two-tiered training system, one for professionals and one for volunteers. Volunteers stay for years, not just weeks or months. And volunteer fire fighters fight fires, protecting humans, businesses and property. Yes, they also do grunt work, but they also fight fires. Whether they know it or not, Germany already trusts volunteers with critical services; Germany needs to build on that for other community services.
The place to start: German charities need to involve volunteers in more than grunt work:
- They need to think about volunteers in the ways organizations here in the USA that are staffed primarily by volunteers do. Volunteers deliver the majority of services provided by the American Red Cross and the Girl Scouts of the USA, for instance, staffing not just the grunt work but leadership positions as well. Many of their volunteers stay for years, not just weeks or months, because they do much more than grunt work. Volunteering varies across cultures in many aspects, but one thing that is always the same, culture-to-culture, country-to-country: volunteers want to feel like the work they are doing is critical, not just nice, but necessary.
- In addition, volunteering needs to be tied to high school and university work, where appropriate, giving students practical experience applying what they are learning in classrooms — service learning. Certain community service should earn the volunteer high school or university class credit.
To make this transformation possible, however, will take intensive, advanced volunteer management training for charities, for universities and for government agency staff. It also may mean paying people to do the grunt work, while reserving positions with high levels of responsibility for volunteers – that’s a radical way of thinking for many people.
I trained a few times in Germany, and I was taken aback at how far behind the country is with regard to volunteer management:
- Representatives from volunteer centers told me they would not use online databases of volunteering opportunities because “then no one will use our volunteer center.”
- People who worked with volunteers at various organizations told me they had no written policies and procedures for volunteers, and when I asked them how they screened volunteers, I heard again and again, “I can tell if someone will be a good volunteer just be talking to them. I can feel it in my gut.”
- Residents who are not ethnically-German are vastly under-represented among the staff of most charities and community service organizations in Germany; you can go to a village in Germany with a significant ethnic-Turkish population, for instance, but you won’t see volunteers from this population at the local fire house. In my eight years in Germany, I never found any charity or community service organization that involved volunteers that was undertaking recruitment activities targeted on minority communities specifically — yes, I looked.
This is a challenging time for Germany, but it’s also an amazing opportunity for Germany to ramp up its involvement of volunteers, and transform its society in a number of positive, sustainable ways. It could become a model for the rest of the EU! Attention Germany: I’m ready to help!
Read more at this story at NPR.
— Übersetzung in Deutsch —
Die Tage der Wehrpflicht – und der Zivis – sind vorbei ab 2011. Hunderte Wohlfahrtsorganisationen in ganz Deutschland, die auf die Arbeit der fast 100.000 einberufenen vertraut haben, sehen sich jetzt einer radikalen Verringerung ihrer Arbeitskräfte gegenüber. Viele Organisationen glauben nicht, daß sie ausreichend Freiwillige finden können um die Routinearbeit zu erledigen, die bis jetzt von Zivis erledigt wurde – spülen, Räume reinigen, Mahlzeiten zubereiten, usw.
Kann Deutschland 90.000 Freiwillige rekrutieren um die Zivis zu ersetzen? Ja – aber es verlangt ein fundamentales Umdenken wie deutsche Wohlfahrtsorganisationen die Rolle von Freiwilligen verstehen, und VIEL Übung und Unterstützung um dieses neue Denken auch umzusetzen.
Deutschland versteht bereits den Wert von Freiwilligen in Feuerwehren. Deutschland hat die meisten Freiwilligen Feuerwehrleute pro Einwohner aller Länder weltweit. In einer deutschen Gemeinde mit einer freiwilligen Feuerwehr muß nach 8 Minuten erste wirksame Hilfe durch die Feuerwehr geleistet werden. Freiwillige Feuerwehrleute erhalten die gleiche Ausbildung wie Berufsfeuerwehrleute, es gibt keine zwei Klassen-Ausbildung. Freiwillige bleiben für Jahre, nicht nur für Wochen oder Monate. Und freiwillige Feuerwehrleute bekämpfen Feuer, retten Menschenleben und schützen Sachwerte. Ja, sie machen auch Routinearbeit, aber sie bekämpfen auch Feuer. Ob sie es wissen oder nicht, Deutsche vertrauen bereits jetzt Freiwilligen mit Aufgaben von entscheidender Bedeutung; Deutsche müssen dies auf andere soziale Aufgaben ausdehnen.
Der Anfang: Deutsche Wohlfahrtsorganisationen müssen Freiwillige für mehr als nur Routinearbeiten einsetzen:
- Sie müssen sie genauso ansehen wie Organisationen in den USA, deren Mitarbeiter hauptsächlich Freiwillige sind. Freiwillige übernehmen den Grossteil der Leistungen, die das Amerikanische Rote Kreuz und die `Girl Scouts of the USA` (Girl Guides) anbieten, so übernehmen sie nicht nur die Routinearbeit, sondern auch Führungspositionen. Viele ihrer Freiwilligen bleiben für Jahre und nicht nur für Wochen oder Monate, weil sie viel mehr tun als nur die Routinearbeit. Das Ehrenamt variiert in verschiedenen Kulturen in vielen Aspekten, aber eines bleibt immer gleich, Kultur zu Kultur, Land zu Land: Freiwillige wollen merken, dass ihre Arbeit wichtig ist, nicht nur nett, sondern notwendig.
- Zusätzlich muss ein Ehrenamt mit Hochschulen und Universitäten verbunden werden, wo dies angemessen ist. So, dass Schüler und Studenten praktische Erfahrungen sammeln und anwenden können was sie in Unterricht lernen — “service learning.” Bestimme Ehrenämter sollten den Freiwilligen bei der Hochschule oder Universität angerechnet werden.
Um diese Transformation möglich zu machen, benötigt es intensive und fortgeschrittene Freiwilligen-Management-Schulungen für Wohlfahrtsorganisationen, für Universitäten und für Regierungsbehörden. Es kann auch bedeuten, Angestellte zu bezahlen um die Routinearbeiten zu erledigen, während Positionen mit mehr Verantwortung für Freiwillige reserviert werden – für viele Leute ist dies eine radikal Denkensweise.
Ich habe ein paar Schulungen in Deutschland geleitet und war erstaunt wie weit zurück dieses Land ist im Bezug auf Management von Freiwilligen“? :
- Vertreter von Freiwilligen-Zentren erzählten mir, sie würden keine Online-Datenbank für verfügbare Ehrenämter benutzen, weil “dann wird niemand unsere Freiwilligen Zentrum besuchen.”
- Leute, die mit Freiwilligen in verschiedenen Organisationen gearbeitet haben, erzählten mir, dass sie keine niedergeschriebenen Richtlinien und Handlungsweisen haben, und wenn ich sie fragte wie sie eine Auswahl ihrer Freiwilligen treffen, habe ich wieder und wieder gehört: “Ich merke ob jemand ein guter Freiwilliger sein wird, wenn ich nur mit ihm spreche. Ich habe das im Gefühl.”
- Einwohner mit Migrationshintergrund sind weit unterrepräsentiert in der Belegschaft der meisten Wohlfahrtsorganisationen und gemeinnützigen Organisationen in Deutschland. Man kann z.B. in eine Gemeinde mit deutlichem türkischem Bevölkerungsanteil gehen, aber man wird keinen Freiwilligen dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe im örtlichen Freiwilligen Feuerwehrhaus antreffen. In meinen acht Jahren in Deutschland habe ich nie eine Wohlfahrtsorganisation oder gemeinnützige Organisation, die Freiwillige einbezieht, gefunden, die Anwerbung speziell auf Minderheiten zugeschnitten hatte – ja, ich habe danach gesucht.
Es ist eine herausfordernde Zeit für Deutschland, aber es ist auch eine einzigartige Gelegenheit für Deutschland, um die Einbeziehung von Freiwilligen zu steigern; und um seine Gesellschaft in einer positiven und nachhaltigen Weise zu transformieren. Deutschland könnte zu einem Vorbild in der restlichen EU werden! Aufgepasst Deutschland: Ich bin bereit zu helfen!
Lesen Sie mehr in diesem Bericht auf NPR (nur in Englisch).
(Thanks to Stefan Dietz and Lis Mullin Bernhardt for the translation)
Thank you Mrs Jayne!!! I think in some points you’re right. In other points not. It’s true, the civil service will be closed down in 2011. Their will be a huge gap of service providing young men (only men!). A gap the social service — if I could name this service that’s freely but stronly supported by the goverment "social service" — have to fill. On one hand this is a challange, of course, at the other hand the social service involve young men (men that couldn’t chose before) and women, elderly people disabled and so on … I am really lucky about the interim end of the conscription. It was simply unfair. Now we have the chance to develope a culture of something like a gap year. A time for freely volunteer service and the start of a volunteer career. Regads from Germany Hannes PS: I am looking forward to your german translation… 🙂
I was hoping you would respond, Hannes! I didn’t comment in my blog on whether or not conscription was a good idea or not… but since you brought it up, I’m one of those people that thinks it should either be for absolutely everyone of a certain age, men and women, NO exceptions, or shouldn’t be at all. Otherwise, I stand by my comments that Germany isn’t ready to recruit and involve the volunteers that will be needed to replace these draftees — but it *could* be, if it takes many strategic steps to do so. Thanks for replying! (translation in progress by my handsome assistant, who misses being a volunteer firefighter in Germany very, very much)
Thanks for commenting, Ian! Great points! I think volunteer management/community engagement schemes always have to be adapted for different situations. There is no one volunteer management /community engagement scheme in the USA, for instance. The models vary HUGELY across different organizations, in different communities, etc. in the USA, probably more than in any other country. What I do like about the USA — and what I’m seeing in countries like Spain — is that there seems to be a lot more flexibility in the thinking regarding community engagement — fewer and fewer people feel bound to involve volunteers just one way, by a certain formula. Some organizations have terrific luck with creating one-time, just-show-up opportunities while others find their volunteers want much more training and responsibilities and longer-term commitments. Some agencies find volunteers like meeting together regularly, others find that volunteers just want to network with those also working in a specific area, no more. Volunteer management is so incredibly varied in the USA, and that’s what needs to happen in Germany — there needs to be a lot more flexibility, experimentation, etc. Really, I shouldn’t have said Germany needs 90,000 new volunteers — they will need much, much more than that to replace 90,000 Zivis. Based on my time there, I don’t see it happening with the current, very inflexible model of volunteer involvement — but I do see huge potential and I do think German charities are perfectly capable of exploring and evolving — it’s just going to take a very different mindset. More comments! I love it!
Your vision about future is appreciated.I am in search of people who are interested in charity work in India. To work among under privileged people. to take care of depressed and abandoned people of all ages. etc
Yes I would like to take part in voluntary work in Germany any part , to work with young and old generation, to learn more on german culture , to take care of the old and less unfortunate. Personally am very much interested especially with german people, any chance out there?
Martin, you have misinterpreted the article – it’s about getting German citizens to volunteer, not bringing in foreigners to volunteer in the country.
Dear Jayne,<br /><br />Thanks for your reply and now I understand its only that for a long time my dreams were one day I will visit the country Germany or even work there ,thats why I was ready even to come as a voluntary worker but its okay .